The top number, or systolic pressure, refers to the pressure inside the artery when the heart contracts and pumps blood through the body. Two numbers are recorded when measuring blood pressure. When the heart relaxes between beats (blood is not moving out of the heart), the pressure falls in the arteries. The pressure is greatest when blood is pumped out of the heart into the arteries.
Each time the heart beats (contracts and relaxes), pressure is created inside the arteries. The size and elasticity of the artery walls also affect blood pressure. The force is generated with each heartbeat as blood is pumped from the heart into the blood vessels. Blood pressure is the force of the blood pushing against the artery walls.
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